Establishment of early warning indicators of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Tianjin / 中华预防医学杂志

In this study, Delphi method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 12 experts to determine the indicators system and the corresponding weight for early warning features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Tianjin.The positive indexes of experts in three rounds of consultations were both 100%. The experts' authority coefficient was 0.79. The Kendall's W coordination coefficients were 0.375, 0.356 and 0.385 respectively (all P<0.05). The indicators system for early warning features of 2019-nCoV Omicron variant had 5 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators and 52 third-level indicators. The weight of each indicator was also determined.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of nystagmus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Nystagmus refers to a certain kind of diseases with abnormal eye movements, which is characterized by rhythmic, involuntary, conjugate-symmetric. According to the age of onset, it could be divided into congenital nystagmus and secondary nystagmus. The limited means of examinations and treatments which makes it difficult to understand nystagmus. Over recent years, the means of examinations and treatments are developing. We reviewed the recent progress of nystagmus in this article.

Improvement of batyl alcohol on alveolarization arrest in newborn rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To investigate whether batyl alcohol (BTA) can improve the pathology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in newborn rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the mechanism. Methods: Pregnant SD rats (16.5 d) were randomly assigned into Saline group, LPS group, and LPS+BTA group. Amniocentesis injection of LPS was performed to establish neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) rat model. In LPS+BTA group, LPS and BTA were injected at the same time. After birth, LPS+BTA group was injected with BTA continuously everyday for 7 days. The other two groups were injected with normal saline of equal volume. Lung tissues of neonatal rats on the first, third and seventh day after birth were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and resorcin-fuchsin respectively, to observe alveolarization arrest. The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in newborn rats lungs were detected by real-time PCR and ELISA. In vitro, mouse macrophages RAW264.7 were cultured to detect IL-1β mRNA levels and protein levels after treatment with LPS and BTA. SD rat bone marrow macrophages were isolated and treated with LPS and BTA. RNA-sequence was taken to screen for possible targets of BTA inhibition of inflammation. Results: The results of H-E staining showed that LPS+BTA group had a milder pathology of BPD, with more secondary septa counts, more alveolar counts, and smaller mean linear intercept (all P<0.05); after BTA intervention the expression levels of IL-1β mRNA and protein in lung tissues of neonatal rats were significantly lower than those in LPS group (both P<0.05). In vitro, IL-1β mRNA and protein increased after LPS stimulation (both P=0.000), but decreased in the LPS+BTA group (both P<0.05). RNA-sequence results showed that BTA inhibited the expressions of some inflammatory factors, such as thrombospondin1 (Thbs1), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (Trem1), and cluster of differentiation 274 (Cd274), and promoted the expressions of some anti-inflammatory factors, such as complement C1q C chain (C1qc), RT1 class Ⅱ, locus Da (RT1-Da), and RT1 class Ⅱ, locus Db1 (RT1-Db1). Conclusion: BTA can improve lung pathology of neonatal rats with BPD by downregulating the expression of IL-1β and reducing inflammatory response.

Effect of fracture of lower limbs with hemorrhage on myocardial injury and its mechanism in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To test whether myocardial apoptosis can be induced by traumatic fracture of lower limbs with hemorrhage, in order to lay a foundation of myocardial injury after traumatic fracture for the follow-up study.@*METHODS@#Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, i. e. control group and trauma group(=10). A rat model of traumatic hemorrhage was establish, and a traumatic model of the original generation of myocardial cell culture was constructed . The level of interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-6,IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in rat serum was detected by ELISA at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 48 hour to find the most significant point. The pathological cardiac injury in rats was observed by HE staining under a microscope, and the apoptosis of cultured cardiomyocyte was detected by TUNEL methods. The expressions of apoptosis gene,(Bcl-2) and Bax, in myocardium of rat and cultured cardiomyocyte were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#At the 4 hour after trauma, IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum of rats reached its highest, IL-2 reached its lowest at the 8th hour after trauma, and TNF-αreached its highest at 1 hour after trauma, then all recovered to their normol level gradually. Myocardial HE staining indicated that cardiomyocyte was swelling, disordered derangement, inflammatory cell infiltrated; a large number of myocardial cell nuclei was dyedbrown in TUNEL test which proved that the apoptosis index increased (<0.05). Western blot and RT-PCR results showed that the expression of pro-apoptotic gene Bax was up-regulated (<0. 05), while expression of anti apoptosis gene Bcl-2 down-regulated (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The myocardial apoptosis can be induced by traumatic fracture of lower limbs with hemorrhage in rats, and then lead to myocardial injury.

Clinical features of fundus diseases of familial congenital nystagmus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical features of fundus diseases of familial congenital nystagmus.?METHODS: Totally 40 eyes of 20 nystagmus patients from 3 congenital nystagmus families were enrolled in our study. The eye position, refractive error, anterior segment and fundus, including fundus photograph, optical coherence tomography ( OCT) , and visual evoked potential ( VEP) were performed on them.?RESULTS: There were 8 patients in Family A, all of which were horizontal nystagmus, in that 6 cases of strabismus ( 2 of which combined with compensatory head posture) , 2 cases of nuclear cataract, 2 cases of posterior polar cataract, 1 case of retinopathy of prematurity, 2 cases of severe ametropia. There were 6 patients in Family B, all of which were horizontal nystagmus, in that 3 cases of albinism ( 2 of which combined with macular hypoplasia) , 2 cases of severe ametropia, 1 case of achromatopsia, 1 case of nuclear cataract. There were 6 patients in Family C (5 of which were horizontal nystagmus and 1 rotatory nystagmus) ,2 cases of Leber congenital amaurosis, 1 case of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, 2 cases of posterior polar cataract, 1 case of iris atrophy, 2 cases of strabismus.?CONCLUSION:We have to do detailed examinations on patients suffered from familial congenital nystagmus to understand its causes and to improve their visual functions as well as possible.

Surgical method and extent of reoperation in patients with concomitant strabismus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the surgical method and extent of reoperation in the concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction. METHODS: Ninety - six concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under - correction and over -correction were recruited in this study, which included 41 males and 55 females, aged 21. 90±14. 70. All individuals underwent routine eye examinations for strabismus before the surgery. Among the cases with concomitant esotropia, there were over-correction in 23 cases, under-correction in 15 cases. Among the cases with concomitant exotropia, there were over-correction in 28 cases, under - correction in 30 cases. The method of reoperation were based on angle of deviation, the method of original operation and acute visual acuity of patients. RESULTS:In over - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, medial rectus muscle of 9 cases were advanced, the corrective extent was (5. 51±2. 63) ? / mm;9 cases were performed advance of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 25±1. 59) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 26±1. 04) ? /mm; only 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 21±1. 91) ? /mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 03±0. 98) ? /mm; 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 86 ± 1. 32) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 4. 33 ± 0. 29 ) ? / mm. In over -correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 16 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 37 ± 1. 56) ? / mm; 6 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 29 ± 3. 68) ? / mm; 5 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 46±1. 78) ? / mm; 1 case were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was 5. 00? / mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 12 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 47 ± 0. 54) ? / mm; 16 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 5. 11 ± 0. 75 ) ? / mm; 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (2. 65±0. 42) ? / mm. CONCLUSION: In reoperation of concomitant strabismus patients with over-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were performed surgery before has a greater and more unstable surgical corrective extent. While In reoperation of concomitant strabismuspatients with under -correction, weakening or/ and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were not performed surgery has a normal corrective extent as usual.

Observation of binocular vision after surgical corrections in V - pattern exotropia children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM:To observe the changes of binocular vision in V-pattern exotropia children before and after surgical correction, and the effect of training in reconstructing the binocular vision after surgical corrections.METHODS: Sixty V-pattern exotropia children were enrolled in this study and were divided into three groups according to their age:group A (4~6 years old), group B (7~9 years old), and group C (10~12 years old), 20 cases for each group. Patients received routine refraction and ophthalmic examinations. Distance and near deviation were measured by prism-covering method and synoptophore. The simultaneous perception and fusion were examined with a synoptophore, and the stereacuity was measured with stereograms ( Titmus) . The children who didn’t reconstruct binocular vision function 1wk after surgery received binocular vision training. The data were recorded before and 1 , 2, 4, and 8wk after surgery. RESULTS: Binocular vision significantly improved among the children after surgery in group A and B ( P0. 05). CONCLUSlON: V - pattern exotropia children can benefit from early surgical correction and training after surgery in reconstruct binocular vision.

H₂S protecting against lung injury following limb ischemia-reperfusion by alleviating inflammation and water transport abnormality in rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of H₂S on lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) induced lung injury and explore the underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, IR group, IR+ Sodium Hydrosulphide (NaHS) group and IR+ DL-propargylglycine (PPG) group. IR group as lung injury model induced by LIR were given 4 h reperfusion following 4 h ischemia of bilateral hindlimbs with rubber bands. NaHS (0.78 mg/kg) as exogenous H₂S donor and PPG (60 mg/kg) which can suppress endogenous H₂S production were administrated before LIR, respectively. The lungs were removed for histologic analysis, the determination of wet-to-dry weight ratios and the measurement of mRNA and protein levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP₁), aquaporin-5 (AQP₅) as indexes of water transport abnormality, and mRNA and protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR₄), myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88 (MyD88) and p-NF-κB as indexes of inflammation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LIR induced lung injury was accompanied with upregulation of TLR₄-Myd88-NF-κB pathway and downregulation of AQP1/AQP₅. NaHS pre-treatment reduced lung injury with increasing AQP₁/AQP₅ expression and inhibition of TLR₄-Myd88-NF-κB pathway, but PPG adjusted AQP₁/AQP₅ and TLR4 pathway to the opposite side and exacerbated lung injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endogenous H₂S, TLR₄-Myd88-NF-κB pathway and AQP₁/AQP₅ were involved in LIR induced lung injury. Increased H₂S would alleviate lung injury and the effect is at least partially depend on the adjustment of TLR₄-Myd88-NF-κB pathway and AQP₁/AQP₅ expression to reduce inflammatory reaction and lessen pulmonary edema.</p>

Blood lead levels among children aged 0 to 6 years in 16 cities of China, 2004-2008 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The adverse health effects of lead for children under 6 years are well known. Studies to assess the lead exposure among children in China are small in sample size and lack of national representative data. The aim of this study therefore was to describe blood lead levels and identify risk factors for lead exposure among children aged 0 to 6 years living in 16 cities in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed data from blood lead levels surveillance in China carried out in 16 large cities between 2004 and 2008. A stratified clustered random sampling strategy was used. A total of 69 968 children aged 0 to 6 years were included. We conducted multiple Logistic regression analyses to explore risk factors to high blood lead level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The geometric mean blood lead level of the children was 4.50 µg/dl (median: 4.90 µg/dl; IQR: 3.20 - 7.00 µg/dl). Overall prevalence of blood lead level ≥ 10.00 µg/dl among 0- to 6-year-old children was 7.57%. But the proportion of blood lead level ≥ 5.00 but < 10.00 µg/dl was 42.12%. Blood lead levels were significantly higher in boys (4.63 µg/dl) than in girls (4.35 µg/dl) (P < 0.0001). The geometric mean blood lead levels and prevalence of blood lead level ≥ 10.00 µg/dl increased with age (P < 0.0001 for the two trends). After controlling for sociodemographic, dietary and behavior factors, multivariable analysis indicated that lower maternal education, male gender, younger age, often biting pencil or/and toys, walking or playing for long time on the street, not washing hands before eating are major risk factors for higher lead levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The blood lead levels among Chinese children in urban areas are lower than previous studies but close to those of developed countries. However, children with low lead exposure account for almost half and the sociodemographic factors (age, male sex, and low mother education level) continue to be associated with higher blood lead levels.</p>

Blood lead status and influencing factors among preschool children in urban areas of China / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the blood lead status and influencing factors among preschool children in the sampling city.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Stratified-clustered-random sampling was used. Standardized questionnaire and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 69 968 children aged 0-6 years in fixed kindergartens and communities of Yinchuan, Xi'an, Chengdu, Wuhan, Hefei, Beijing, Harbin, Zhengzhou, Huhhot, Shijiazhuang, Haikou, Dalian, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Nanning and Changsha from 2004 to 2008, respectively. Tungsten atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry was employed to determine the blood lead level of children.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The proportion of children with blood lead level ≥ 100 µg/L was 7.57% (among which the proportion of high blood lead level, mild lead poisoning, moderate lead poisoning, severe lead poisoning were 91.0%, 2.76%, 3.32%, 2.93%, respectively) and the blood lead level was lower than those of the past studies. The proportion of high blood lead level has steadily declined from 2004 to 2008 [the proportions were 10.03%, 7.85%, 7.40%, 6.91% and 4.78%, respectively (χ(2) = 297.36, P < 0.0001)]. The proportion of children with blood lead level ≥ 100 µg/L in Haikou, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, Shijiazhuang, Changsha, Xi'an, Wuhan, Hefei, Chengdu, Yinchuan, Harbin, Beijing, Dalian, Huhhot, Nanning and Qingdao were 12.15%, 10.49%, 10.37%, 9.69%, 9.53%, 9.46%, 9.40%, 8.50%, 7.99%, 7.98%, 7.51%, 6.10%, 3.25%, 2.89%, 2.46% and 2.39%, respectively (χ(2) = 768.21, P < 0.0001). By multiple regression method, the risk factors which influenced blood lead status of children were education status of mother, older children, behavior and dietary habit of children, boy, stay for long time in traffic busy areas, the type of housing, taking traditional Chinese and herbal medicine. The protective factors against lead poisoning in children mainly included scattered living, the nutritional status of calcium, iron, zinc, frequent intake of milk, and older mother.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The blood lead level of children has decreased, but is still higher than those in developed countries. Lead exposure remains a public health issue which affects children most. The blood lead level of children is affected by multiple factors. Government and the whole society should pay attention to interrupt the lead pollutant and to promote nutritional health education. With all these efforts, it is possible to stop the progress of lead exposure and reduce its hazardous effects on the growth and development of children.</p>

Current status of hepatitis B immunization and strengthened immune memory among first-year middle school students in Tianjin / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the immunization status of hepatitis B vaccine who were inoculated at birth, HBV infections and the vaccine booster effect in the first-year middle school students (12 - 14 years old).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cluster, stratified simplified random sampling method was administrated. The sample size was at least 218, which was calculated by Epi Info 3.3.2 software at 53% the minimum acceptable anti-HBs positive rate and 95% confidence level. A total of 250 and 236 students participated in the infection status and booster immunization effects investigation. The HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HBV DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the diagnostic test kit were produced respectively by ABBOTT, Diasorin and Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the immunization status before booster: the positive rate of anti-HBs was 62.80% (157/250), the GMT was 73.79 IU/L; the currently HBV infection rate (HBsAg and anti-HBc positive) was 2.80% (7/250). After injection, the anti-HBs positive rate was 94.92% (224/236). Compared with the before booster results, the significant difference was observed (χ(2) = 73.92, P = 0.00). The GMT was 521.15 IU/L, comparing with the before booster results, there was significant difference (t = 15.98, P = 0.00). The anti-HBs conversion rate (from negative to positive) was 91.86% (79/86) after immune-enhancement; of which, 11 students got the second dose of booster vaccine who are no-responders after first injection, in addition 8 students got the anti-HBs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is an effective method to put the first-year middle school students into the immune-enhancement program, so as to improve the immunization memory effect and avoid the loss of protective antibodies.</p>

Surveillance of childhood blood lead levels in 14 cities of China in 2004-2006 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the blood lead level in children aged 0-6 years in urban areas of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourteen cities were selected as sites under surveillance. A total of 44 045 peripheral blood specimens were collected from 2004 to 2006, during which 15 727, 14 737, and 13 584 specimens were tested in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Tungsten atomizer absorption spectrophotometer was employed to determine blood lead level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The geometric mean blood lead level in the tested children was 47.10 microg/L with 10.10% > or = 100 microg/L, 46.17 microg/L with 7.78% > or = 100 microg/L, and 47.03 microg/L with 7.30% > or = 100 microg/L in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. The blood lead levels seemed to tend to rise in parallel with the increase of age of the children and were higher in boys (48.84 microg/L, 47.56 microg/L, and 47.78 microg/L in the 3 respective years) than in girls (45.00 microg/L, 44.53 microg/L, and 46.13 microg/L).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The blood lead levels in children in cities of China are lower than those in previous national studies, but higher than those in developed countries. Childhood lead poisoning remains a public health problem in China.</p>

Study on the report criteria and focus management mode of the virus hepatitis cases in Tianjin / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the focus management mode and the report criteria more perfectly for the virus hepatitis cases, especially for the hepatitis B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One district was set as the research area, in which there was enough cases resource and relatively separated from the other districts, then a first or second-class hospital was appointed to take the cases focus diagnosis, report and management.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The focus hospitals had reported 97% (323/331) of cases in the research area between June,2007 and June,2008; moreover,the rate in establishing case-card was 97.21% (314/323), as compared with that in period of 2007 (261), the cases reported declined 61.30% in the first half year of 2008 (101).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It should be an imperative situation to establish a report criteria and management mode for virus hepatitis (hepatitis B), however it is necessary to have more supports from health administrations.</p>

Evaluation on the role of hepatitis A vaccine in the prevention and control of hepatitis A in Tianjin city / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of prevention and control strategies on hepatitis A.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surveillance data on hepatitis A from 1990 to 2006 in Tianjin was analyzed, and the coverage rate of hepatitis A vaccine among targeted population was estimated, to compare the anti-HAV IgG level of children younger than 15 years old in 1999 and in 2005.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Results showed that a) the morbidity of hepatitis A decreased from 25.26/10(5) in 1990 to 0.82/10(5) in 2006; b) the ratio of hepatitis A in viral hepatitis decreased from 30.43% in 1990 to 1.05% in 2006; c) the estimated coverage rate was 72.7%; d) the positive rate of anti-HAV among children younger than 15 years old in 2005 was distinctly higher than that in 1999.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Positive results showed that it was successful to use hepatitis A vaccine as the strategy to prevent and control hepatitis A in the past five years in Tianjin.</p>

Retrospective study on 116 unexpected sudden cardiac deaths in Yunnan, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the epidemiological and clinical features of unexpected sudden cardiac deaths (SUD) in Yunnan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Choosing the old SUD cases from Xiangyun, Heqing, Nanjian and Dayao counties and using the standardized verbal autopsy Form, we interviewed the family members of the cases, witnesses and doctors as well as reviewing their medical files to get relative information.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We identified 116 SUDs in 21 villages from 1984 to 2004. The village-specific annually standardized incidence rates were ranged from 0.2/1000 to 8.9/1000 (median = 0.8/1000). 66% and 29% of the SUDs occurred in July and August respectively. The incidence rates of SUD were higher (1.6/1000, chi(2) = 16, P < 0.01) in 10 - 39 year-olds, and higher in females than in males (RR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.3). Seventy percent of SUD occurred in families having clustering nature and 60% of the additional cases in the family were occurred within 24 hours (median = 20 hours) after the first SUD identified in the family. SUD occurred in 23 families followed the first affected family in a village during the same season. In these 23 families, 61% of the first SUD occurred within 8 days after the first SUD in the first affected family. 68% and 66% of the SUDs did not have any complaints or signs during the last 3 weeks or from 3 weeks to 2 days prior to the onset of the disease. 63% of the SUDs had cardiac symptoms within the last 2 days prior to the onset with major symptoms as dizziness, nausea, faintness, unconsciousness, weakness and palpitation. The median duration from acute onset to death was 2 hours.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The extreme time-space clustering of SUD in families and in villages suggested that the risk factors occurred in specific time and location. Familial clustered SUD cases had common exposure pattern. Sudden onset of acute cardiac symptoms often followed by sudden death. Epidemiological study on new cases was necessary to identify risk factors and to develop hypothesis for causation. In July 2005, we instituted a special SUD surveillance system for all the affected counties together with 10 counties which had no reported cases.</p>

Clinical observation on effect of tongfu xiere recipe in treating surgical abdominal diseases accompanied with systemic inflammatory response syndrome / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Tongfu Xiere Recipe (TXR) on surgical abdominal diseases accompanied with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-six patients in the post-operational stage were treated by basic therapy, including conventional treatment and antibiotics applying, and combined use of TXR, and compared with the 43 patients treated by basic therapy alone as the control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the incidence of complications in the treatment group was significantly lower (P<0.01). The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and the mortality in the treatment group showed an decreasing tendency. Moreover, levels of plasma endotoxin, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in the treatment group after treatment decreased significantly, while IL-2 level increased (P < 0.01), and showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) as compared with those in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined therapy can decrease the levels of blood endotoxin and inflammation promoting cytokine and increase the level of cytokine that directly related with immune function to regulate immunity and inhibit the inflammatory reaction, and furthermore, to prevent MODS and decrease the mortality of patients with surgical abdominal diseases accompanied SIRS.</p>

Study on blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0-6 years in 15 cities in China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0-6 years old living in cities in China and to provide data for policy development to the prevention on environmental lead pollution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A stratified-clustered-random sampling method was used. 17 141 peripheral blood samples of 0-6 years old children from 15 cities in China were tested. Tungsten atomizer absorption spectrophotometer was employed to determined the blood lead level. Related factors were also studied using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed on related risk factors that affecting blood lead levels through multiple regression method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean blood lead level of 0-6 years old children from 15 cities in China was 59.52 microg/L including 10.45% of those > or =100 microg/L, and 0.62% > or = 200 microg/L. However, the blood lead levels seemed to have had a trend of increase parallel to age among 0-6 years-old children and were higher for boys (59.50 microg/L) than girls (54.95 microg/L). The risk factors which influenceing children's blood lead levels would include the type of housing, parent's education levels, social status and hobby, children's behavior habit, dieting habit and nutritional condition.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The blood lead levels of children in China were lower than data gathered from former national studies but higher than those from developed countries, suggesting that the. Government and the whole society should be aware of the problem on lead poisoning among children during their childhood.</p>

Evaluation on the case management program of hypertension in Zhongguancun community, Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a suitable model regarding community-based case management of hypertension in the urban areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the guidelines set by the Chinese Hypertension League (CHL), the goal of case management of hypertension was set as: to maintain blood pressure at the normal range. Family doctors were guided to take care of case management. Hypertension patients who had been contracted to the family doctors were followed by a team of family doctors for half a year.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the 6-month intervention, the rate of hypertension under control had increased from 50.44% to 69.84% (P < 0.0001) while the means of systolic blood pressure decreased by 3.72 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 2.67 mm Hg (P < 0.0001) respectively. The means of SBP decreased by 8.59 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 5.26 mm Hg in patients whose baseline blood pressure were not under control. The rates of smoking, higher salt intake and no physical exercise had significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The mean number of hospital visits in the six-month follow-up period was 7.69 +/- 2.37. The "rate of control" among those who had followed schedule was higher than that of those who were not on schedule (P < 0.0001). The rate among those who had followed the schedule tended to have increased with aging and the level of education (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The community-based case management program on hypertension played an important and effective role in the control of hypertension in urban areas. Patients received great benefit when following the guidance from their doctors.</p>

The coordinated effect of the excessive protein and cholesterin intake on inducing rat myocardial fibrosis and its mechanism / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the coordinated role and its mechanism of the high protein and hypercholesterol intake on inducing rat myocardial fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The tissue level of the collagen in left ventricule, the concentrations of the plasma and the cardiac tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) and Aldosterone (Ald), the serum concentration of nitrite (NO2-), in the Wistar rats on diet which adding 20% protein or/and 100 mg/d cholesterin in the rat standard foods for 8 weeks, were measured by the colorimetric analysis of the hydroxyproline, by the radioimmunoassay, and by the assay of Griess, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1.69 times left ventricular collagen contents, 0.7 times plasma concentrations of total cholesterin, 1.5 times levels of the plasma Ang II and 1 time myocardial ald contents were higher, and the serum NO2- concentration was significant lower, in the rats of the high protein and hypercholesterol intake than in the rats of the high protein intake. That 0.48 times left ventricular collagen contents, 0.23 times plasma Ang II in the high protein and hypercholesterol intake rats were higher than in the high cholesterin intake rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The excessive protein and cholesterin intake can induce the coordinated effect on developing the myocardial fibrosis of rats. And the mechanism of the fibrosis in rat left ventricule maybe result with the activation of RAAS and the endothelial injury.</p>

Analyses on the effect of community-based intervention on hypertension / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To testify the feasibility of management through contract system between general practitioners and patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In Sichuan province contract was made between general practitioners and hypertension patients in "community health service center-family of hypertension patients" in Yulin community in Chengdu city. After half a year, we analysed the effects of community-based intervention on hypertension.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>General means of both SBP and DBP remarkably decreased (P < 0.05) with SBP remarkably decreased by 8.94 mm Hg while DBP decreased by 3.61 mm Hg. After interfered by the model, people whose blood pressure were above normal had a remarkable decrease than before by 14.06 mm Hg (P < 0.05). Rates of hypertension being under control increased from 38.39% to 64.29% (P < 0.001). Rates of awareness on fatness and heredity in hypertensive patients were increasing from 58.06% to 74.19% (P < 0.001). Rate of awareness on risk factors for hypertension was also higher than that of 6 months back (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The model of management by signing contract between general practitioners and patients in community, proved to be a successful way in the treatment to control high blood pressure.</p>